Part 4: The Influence of Children on Adult Diet
SECTION 4
Questions 31–40
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
The Influence of Children on Adult Diet
Background
- Obesity – mainly caused by bad eating habits and lack of exercise
National survey conclusions:
- Food consumption rose between 1971 and 2000
- Americans in general eat above the recommended amounts
- The age group that eat most fat is 31 ___________________________
Family members living together show 32 ___________________________ levels of fat in their diet
Aims of present study: to show whether children affect adult diet
Methods & procedures
Who?
- Adults aged 17–65 with children under 17
- Other variables: age, education, race, 33 ___________________________ and whether born overseas
- 34 ___________________________ held at Mobile Examination Centres
Results
Adults living with children are more likely to:
- Eat more fat
- Eat convenience food
- 35 ___________________________
Reasons
- Parents have little 36 ___________________________
- Children’s preference for certain foods
- Inconvenience of making separate meals
Limitations of study
The study did not consider the effects of:
- The 37 ___________________________ of children in each family
- The 38 ___________________________ between the adults and children
Influence may decrease with 39 ___________________________
Conclusions and recommendations
- More research needed into above areas
- Research needed into how our 40 ___________________________ affect our diet
KEYS
- teenagers
-
similar
-
income
-
surveys
-
drink milk
-
time
-
number
-
relationship
-
age
-
friends
TRANSCRIPT
Section 4.
You will hear a university professor giving a lecture on the influence of children on the adult diet.
Today we continue with our series of lectures on diet and society in the 21st century.
We are all aware of the obesity epidemic facing our society.
The reasons for this are well-documented and are mainly due to poor eating habits coupled with too little exercise.
In fact, a national health and nutrition survey here in the U.S. concluded
that the average total food intake increased considerably between the years 1971 and 2000.
This appears to be a general trend across most age groups.
In fact, apart from the over 60s, all areas of American society are consistently above the dietary guidelines for caloric intake and saturated fat.
However, total fat consumption is highest for teenagers, and there is a clear correlation with fast food consumption.
Among the wide range of factors influencing an individual’s dietary choices, one of the strongest influences is the home.
It will come as no surprise that within a family, the fat intakes of husbands and wives and parents and children who cohabit are remarkably similar.
Many people assume that this relationship indicates the influence of parents on their children, but we wanted to ask if children influence poor diets in adults.
This hypothesis had not been tested in a national sample until now.
In our study, we focused only on adults, and we set our lower age limit at 17 and the upper one at 65.
The key variable was the presence or absence of children, so we identified only those adults whose children were under 17.
Other variables included the age of the adult, level of education they had reached, their ethnic background, their income, and foreign-born status.
To obtain our data, first we conducted interviews in the respondents’ own homes, and all in all we interviewed 6,600 adults aged over 17.
Then we invited them to mobile examination centers where surveys were conducted.
From this information, we were able to focus not only on the total fat intake, but also on the person’s total caloric consumption.
Our results show that the presence of children led to significantly higher levels of both fat consumption and saturated fat in adults.
We found, on average, that adults with children in the home ate 4.9 grams per day of fat more than adults without children.
This result is consistent irrespective of race, gender, or age.
The foods more commonly were convenience items high in fat or sugar, including pizza, salty snacks, and ice cream.
Interestingly, there is a significantly higher percentage of adults in this group who drink milk.
There are many explanations for this increased fat intake.
Hectic schedules where parents try to balance work, family, and leisure put time at a premium.
Another issue is children’s preference for fatty foods, or foods with a high sugar content.
Fast foods and ready-to-eat foods are convenient choices.
It is inconvenient to prepare different meals for both the children and the parents, so it is likely that adults consume the same as their children.
Of course, there were limitations to our study.
One of these is that we did not take into account the number of minors in each household, which could have an effect on the adult who feeds the children.
In addition, this study does not take into account the relationship of the adult to the minor.
We could also postulate that the older a child gets, the more independent he or she becomes, and so the influence a child has on an adult may lessen depending on the age of the child.
In terms of recommendations as a result of this study, we would like to see more research conducted to overcome the limitations outlined earlier.
We also feel there is a need for even further research into the influence that friends can have on our fat intake, given the clear link we’ve established between family members.
